{"product_id":"byzantine-or-islamic-bronze-seal-stamp-c-700-to-900-ce-byzantine-or-islamic-101023-auction","title":"Byzantine or Islamic Bronze Seal Stamp - c. 700 to 900 CE - Byzantine or Islamic - 10\/10\/23 Auction","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIncludes glass top display box.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThis seal stamp is of Byzantine or Islamic origin, and sports a geometric pattern that served as a unique identifying mark. A hardened clay impression of the design is included with the item, as pictured.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe history of seal stamps goes back thousands of years, to the cradle of civilization in Mesopotamia. The stamps were most often used as a type of signature on official documentation. They would be imprinted onto hot wax or clay in order to create an impression, which would be a unique mark of the owner. Seals were also used to mark the ownership of property, such as land or buildings, and acted as a way to authenticate legal documents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis item was once part of a German collection belonging to Gustav Oberländer (1926-2012), who acquired his massive collection of seals between 1985 and the 2000s from reputable dealers and old collections. Oberländer primarily specialized in early stamp and cylinder seals from the prehistoric and dynastic civilizations in the Middle East, including Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Bactria.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"_04xlpA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in this photo, along with a glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47829909897372,"sku":"ipm1791343187992","price":74.79,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0705\/6005\/5452\/files\/byzantine-or-islamic-bronze-seal-stamp---c-700-to-900-ce---byzantine-or-islamic-_1.png?v=1791343193","url":"https:\/\/www.averqino.com\/products\/byzantine-or-islamic-bronze-seal-stamp-c-700-to-900-ce-byzantine-or-islamic-101023-auction","provider":"My Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}